James T. Cleland - "Saints in Caesar's Household" (March 9, 1969)

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	(soft music)	0:04
Man	Beloved, if there is one thing	9:19
	that our common humanity means it is that we are all sinners	9:21
	and stand in need of grace and forgiveness.	9:27
	As a necessary part of achieving that great blessing,	9:31
	we should confess our sins before God,	9:37
	and in the presence of one another.	9:39
	Accordingly, may we join our hearts and our voices	9:42
	and our unison prayer of confession and for pardon.	9:45
	Let us pray.	9:49
	Holy father, we humbly confess that in kneeling,	9:51
	our hearts often are not humbled,	9:55
	and that in praying,	9:58
	we often have felt no burden greater than our own strength.	10:00
	We confess that in naming Christ,	10:04
	our spirits have often sought the comfort of self.	10:07
	We pray thee to burn our hypocrisy	10:11
	with the fire of thy judgment,	10:14
	lest we be destroyed by our own deceit.	10:16
	We pray thee to forgive us through thy sacrificial love.	10:19
	We ask this in the name of the Lord, Jesus Christ. Amen.	10:24
	Let us hear the comforting words of scripture	10:31
	as they tell us concerning our Lord,	10:35
	He shall feed his flock like a shepherd.	10:38
	He shall gather the lambs in his bosom and carry them. Amen.	10:41
	(choir singing)	11:38
Man 2	The scripture this morning	14:26
	is from Paul's letters to the Philippians.	14:27
	First chapter verses 12 through 14	14:29
	and fourth chapter verses 21 through 23.	14:33
	Now I would have you know brothers	14:37
	that the things which happened to me,	14:39
	have turned out to the furtherance of the gospel	14:41
	rather than otherwise.	14:44
	It has even become evident,	14:46
	not only to all of the imperial guard,	14:48
	but to everyone that it is for Christ's sake	14:50
	that I'm in chains.	14:53
	And besides this, most of our brothers in the Lord	14:55
	have gained confidence through my chains	14:59
	and they now venture with far greater freedom	15:02
	to speak God's message fearlessly.	15:04
	Give my greetings to every one of the saints	15:07
	in Christ Jesus.	15:09
	The brothers who are with me wish to be remembered to you.	15:11
	All the Saints salutes you,	15:15
	especially those who are Caesar's household.	15:17
	The grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.	15:21
	(choir sings)	15:34
Man	The Lord be with you.	16:02
	Let us pray.	16:06
	All mighty God, we thank thee for the heavy blanket of snow,	16:16
	which temporarily made a Wonderland	16:20
	of our grab wintry earth.	16:23
	For although it broke the limbs,	16:27
	it also watered the earth gently	16:29
	and softened the hard crust of the earth.	16:32
	We thank thee for the overwhelming experiences in our lives,	16:36
	for although they sometimes break	16:41
	our naive self-sufficiency,	16:43
	they can by thy grace soften the hard crust of our spirits	16:46
	and make us pliable and responsive to our brothers	16:51
	and to Jesus Christ.	16:55
	We thank thee for the near approach of spring.	16:59
	With its deathless help of flowers, of foliage, new growth,	17:03
	and the covering up of ugly scars	17:09
	by the new and the beautiful,	17:11
	we offer under thee our thanksgiving for the season of lent	17:16
	that means spring.	17:19
	During which we may each and all examine our hearts	17:21
	to see what wicked ways yet remain in us,	17:27
	to see how we too crucify Christ even today.	17:31
	We bless thee for the deathless hope we have,	17:36
	that through his grace new growth	17:40
	in the realm of the spirit,	17:42
	fresh flowers in the area of human relationships	17:45
	may spring to life and replace the ugliness of the old,	17:49
	the twisted and the dead.	17:54
	We thank thee for the keen rivalries we have,	17:58
	which test our grasp of truth, our dedication to fair play	18:02
	and our physical skill in athletics.	18:08
	And whether at any given moment,	18:12
	whether it be in an argument or in an athletic contest,	18:14
	we may win or lose.	18:19
	We thank thee for the rewarding experiences,	18:22
	which can come to all concerned	18:25
	when we earnestly strive to excel.	18:29
	Our heavenly Father, we offer our prayers of intercession	18:34
	for all thy children, both for those who call us brother	18:38
	and for all who call us enemy around the world.	18:43
	We pray, especially for those who call us enemy.	18:48
	And for those whom we are attempted to reckon as enemies.	18:52
	Enable all of us to draw Christ's line of distinction	18:56
	between the sin and the sinner,	19:00
	realizing that we all are sinners	19:04
	and that our own hope of forgiveness	19:06
	rests upon our willingness to forgive.	19:08
	We pray for students who find current events confusing,	19:13
	that they may find the information, the sense of direction,	19:18
	and the tranquility needed to discover	19:22
	a path out of their confusion.	19:25
	We pray for those who find the Bible confusing,	19:28
	that they may by study and prayer, find the eternal word	19:32
	speaking to them out of the bewildering array of books	19:36
	and that they may supremely discover	19:41
	the word made flesh in Jesus Christ, our Lord.	19:43
	Grant we pray thee that we may all hear	19:48
	and see the living word in our time and here in our place.	19:51
	We offer, oh God our prayers for the sick, for the crippled,	20:00
	the chronically ill, for those about to die.	20:05
	We pray for the lonely, the bitter, the recalcitrant,	20:11
	the reactionary, the rude, the stubborn, the prejudiced,	20:16
	and for all who bring healing, we pray,	20:23
	the nurses, the physicians, the surgeons,	20:27
	editors, pastors, reformers, social workers, and professors.	20:31
	For those who bear the burdens of responsibility	20:38
	and the heat of the day	20:41
	and the wee hours of the night we pray.	20:42
	For maintenance man, dining hall workers, administrators,	20:45
	trustees, janitors, maids, carpenters,	20:50
	painters, electricians, plumbers, secretaries,	20:55
	accountants and clerks,	21:01
	grant, oh God that we may all, each in his own way,	21:04
	seek after thy will and grace and find them.	21:08
	Together may we grope our way through worship,	21:14
	through study, through argument, through action,	21:17
	through service and through humility	21:22
	to thy perfect kingdom through Jesus Christ our Lord,	21:26
	who has taught us when we pray to say,	21:31
	"Our father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name,	21:34
	thy kingdom come.	21:38
	Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.	21:40
	Give us this day our daily bread	21:44
	and forgive us our trespasses,	21:47
	as we forgive those who trespass against us.	21:49
	And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,	21:53
	for thine is the kingdom	21:56
	and the power and the glory forever. Amen.	21:58
Preacher	The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ	22:27
	be with you all.	22:30
	If we ever have the power to send a person to jail	22:36
	and use that power,	22:43
	then don't let him be supplied with writing paper	22:47
	because anything may result and not always to our advantage.	22:53
	He may write the revelation of Saint John, the divine,	23:01
	a pep talk which put vim and vigor	23:06
	into a discomforted group of Christians	23:10
	at the end of the first century.	23:14
	He may write "The Pilgrim's Progress"	23:18
	next to the Bible, the most influential book	23:21
	in ordinary average Protestantism for 200 years.	23:25
	He may write "Mein Kampf" which too few of us still living	23:33
	took seriously before 1939.	23:40
	Or he may just write letters like Sacco and Vanzetti,	23:46
	the Italian anarchists in Massachusetts	23:53
	whose trial and execution were the major topic	23:58
	of impassioned conversation during my first year in America.	24:01
	Or like Dietrich Bonhoeffer, done to death a few days	24:10
	before the allied troops might have freedom from the Nazis	24:15
	whose correspondence is read and studied	24:22
	with a wondrous fascination right on this campus.	24:26
	Or like Martin Luther King	24:33
	whose one letter to the clergy	24:36
	from a prison in Birmingham, Alabama	24:39
	had the weight of a sledge hammer, no, a pile driver.	24:43
	Something written by any one of these criminals	24:51
	may fascinate the mind, inspire the heart,	24:55
	deflect the wheel,	25:01
	so the reader is never quite the same again,	25:03
	as the writer being dead yet speaking.	25:09
	Now that fact hit me as I re-read a letter	25:15
	from another jail bird	25:19
	who was foolishly given writing material,	25:23
	probably a papyrus.	25:27
	His name was Paul. He's better known as Saint Paul.	25:30
	It's a flat fact that the early church	25:38
	had a remarkable criminal record.	25:41
	Many of its members,	25:46
	and most of its leaders almost commuted to prison.	25:48
	Our lesson this morning was part of a letter	25:54
	to Paul's favorite church.	25:56
	The one he founded at Philippi, a Roman colony.	26:00
	Paul calls that little Philippian church,	26:06
	a colony of heaven,	26:09
	and three expressions in that letter	26:13
	was written from Caesarea or Ephesus	26:17
	or most probably from Rome,	26:22
	intrigued me as I puzzled over a sermon for this morning.	26:26
	Let's look at these three expressions.	26:32
	The first is the whole Praetorian guard,	26:38
	Paul's jailers were members of the imperial lifeguard.	26:44
	The troops originally hand picked by Augustus	26:51
	and having the kind of renown	26:56
	that the regiments of the guards now have in great Britain.	26:59
	This was the (speaks in foreign language)	27:05
	who served for 16 years	27:08
	and received three times the pay of a legionnaire.	27:13
	Paul's attitude to them is interesting.	27:18
	He has no complaints, no suggestions, no criticism.	27:21
	He just tells them about the Christian religion.	27:28
	With what result?	27:32
	The cause of the gospel had been advanced	27:34
	and fellow Christians outside the prison	27:38
	were emboldened to speak the word of God without fear.	27:42
	Paul evidently cooperated with the inevitable	27:49
	and so continued his missionary work.	27:54
	The second expression is Caesar's household.	28:00
	Paul is here referring to the non-military personnel	28:05
	in the government employ,	28:09
	what we might call the civil service.	28:11
	The phrase probably has no pertinent reference	28:16
	to the members of the imperial family,	28:19
	though it may include some of the courtiers.	28:22
	Paul includes them in his greeting at the end of his letter.	28:26
	The brethren who are with me greet you.	28:31
	All the saints greet you,	28:35
	particularly those of Caesar's household.	28:39
	The latter group was probably not made up of Paul's converse	28:43
	from the Praetorian guard,	28:50
	but the folk who had accepted Christianity	28:52
	from other wandering evangelists.	28:55
	But it is the third phrase (indistinct) a single noun,	29:00
	which intrigues me most,	29:04
	that word just prior to Caesar's household, saints.	29:07
	For us a saint is an unusually consecrated,	29:16
	holy and godly person whose attitude is mocked by piety	29:20
	and whose behavior and is distinguished by genuine	29:27
	though unobtrusive good works.	29:31
	Those of us who are Protestants	29:35
	hardly ever use the word about anybody.	29:38
	And we would be embarrassed	29:44
	to the point of not need confusion,	29:47
	if anyone used it of us.	29:50
	Paul used the word more pedestrianly, more validly.	29:53
	A saint is a sinner who knows he's a sinner,	30:00
	but who would like to do something about it,	30:09
	in the eyes of God,	30:14
	and in the company of sinners of like-mind.	30:16
	A person is a member of a Pauline church,	30:23
	not because he is good or virtuous	30:26
	or angelic,	30:33
	but because he is aware of what he is	30:36
	and would like to be somewhat different.	30:42
	He's a Saint not because of what he is plus or minus,	30:47
	but because of whom he belongs to, Jesus, the Christ,	30:53
	the head of the church.	31:00
	Now, how did Paul develop such an attitude	31:05
	to the imperial guard, the state police of his day,	31:09
	who enforced the Pax Romana	31:15
	and to the members of Caesar's household	31:19
	who occupied and ran the various imperial Allen buildings	31:23
	scattered throughout the empire?	31:29
	His attitude to Caesar's household	31:34
	is probably formed from three ingredients.	31:36
	First, he believed that the empire	31:42
	was coming to an end shortly	31:45
	with the return of Jesus Christ.	31:49
	So why reform or destroy or even waste time on it?	31:52
	Secondly, he was a (speaks in foreign language)	32:02
	a Roman citizen	32:06
	and very proud of the advantageous distinction	32:09
	this conferred on him.	32:13
	Thirdly, he believed that it was the Roman government	32:18
	who held the world together.	32:21
	According to some interpreters of a passage	32:26
	in a letter to the Thessalonian church.	32:29
	Therefore in Romans 13, he warmly commends the state	32:33
	and its servants, Caesar's household	32:39
	for justice and integrity.	32:43
	If it hadn't been for the law and order of Rome,	32:48
	for roads made safe and waters swept clear of pirates,	32:54
	for the talisman of Roman citizenship	33:01
	which opened the right doors,	33:04
	then Paul would have been a dead duck	33:07
	early in his public ministry.	33:12
	No wonder he was delighted to find Christians	33:15
	in Caesar's household and join their greetings to his	33:20
	when he wrote to Philippi.	33:26
	But how does one account for Paul's friendly attitude	33:30
	to the Roman soldier,	33:33
	to the Praetorian guard and other legionaries?	33:36
	He is regularly grateful for their help and protection	33:41
	on his travels.	33:47
	And when finally reached Rome having appealed to Caesar,	33:50
	that is to the Supreme court.	33:58
	He was allowed to stay by himself	34:01
	with the soldier that guarded him.	34:04
	To stay by himself with the soldier that guarded him.	34:08
	That's probably his contact with the Praetorian guard.	34:12
	But other parts of the new Testament	34:18
	are more than tolerant of military men.	34:20
	There are three references to centurions, army officers,	34:25
	which cast a favorable light on the military men	34:29
	who policed the empire.	34:34
	The highest compliment Jesus ever paid anyone,	34:37
	he said of a Roman Centurion,	34:42
	"I have never found faith like this anywhere	34:46
	even in Israel."	34:51
	And the Centurion in charge of the crucifixion	34:54
	almost returned the courtesy when he said of the dead Jesus,	34:59
	"This man was certainly a son of God."	35:05
	The first non Jewish convert to Christianity	35:12
	was a Roman officer by the name of Cornelius.	35:16
	It was Peter who brought him into the church	35:22
	and then had to defend his action	35:26
	before the Jerusalem conservatives.	35:29
	Integration has had a hard time in ecclesiastical circles	35:33
	from the very beginning.	35:38
	And yet neither his citizenship nor his personal experiences	35:42
	with army men was the real motivation	35:46
	for Paul's attitude and behavior	35:50
	toward the government and its servants.	35:52
	Paul had been converted, that is turned around.	35:57
	He'd been given a new mindset by his experience of Christ.	36:06
	He had joined the democratic society of sinners	36:15
	who know they are sinners,	36:22
	who know they are forgiven sinners,	36:26
	who know they are recurring sinners,	36:32
	in need of forgiveness all over again.	36:37
	And when one majors in that point of view,	36:43
	then he is for Paul a saint.	36:48
	Now that does things to a man.	36:54
	It keeps him from having a good conceit of himself.	36:59
	And that was rough on Paul,	37:05
	for he had no hereditary humility.	37:09
	It makes him realize that the one fundamental difference	37:15
	between people is that some are forgiven sinners	37:21
	and others are just ordinary sinners,	37:26
	but all are sinners, Jews, Christians,	37:30
	Greeks, Romans, and the rest.	37:35
	So he loves them all.	37:40
	He can't figure out any better way of rubbing shoulders	37:42
	with other folk in any church or in any jail,	37:46
	in any Jerusalem or Philippi or Rome,	37:51
	be it with the state police or any Caesar's household.	37:58
	And yet it's an irony of history	38:04
	that according to tradition,	38:08
	Caesar turned thumbs down on him.	38:11
	(indistinct)	38:17
	and some officer carried out the sentence, execution.	38:20
	Now what if anything does this say to us	38:30
	who are saints, forgiven and errant sinners in this chapel?	38:32
	How do we behave who have confessed the Christ	38:41
	as Lord of our lives at such a time as this?	38:45
	The campus situation is both disturbed and distraught,	38:53
	understandably so.	39:01
	We did not really believe that Allen building	39:05
	would be occupied	39:09
	nor that the police if called would behave as they did.	39:12
	We still do not wish to believe	39:20
	that we are living in a time of revolution, though we are.	39:22
	We've watched an intensifying of conviction on both sides,	39:32
	a piling of demand on demand from various quarters,	39:38
	a disbelief in normal processes of bargaining,	39:45
	a lack of knowledge of the facts.	39:51
	Now you can put facts in quotation marks if you like,	39:54
	but a lack of knowledge of the facts	39:57
	and therefore a growing frustration and a mounting anger.	40:02
	Now the sense of urgency is combated	40:09
	by Duke's normal unperturbed pace and deliberate speed.	40:13
	I experienced a minor instance of that in the last few days.	40:21
	The position of university organist	40:28
	became vacant in September, 1967, not 68, 67.	40:31
	And the first committee meeting to fill this vacancy	40:42
	was held a week ago yesterday.	40:45
	I know almost nothing was said about a new organist.	40:50
	Now my alma mater, Glasgow can match that.	40:54
	It used to take two years public notice	40:59
	on every bulletin board in the university	41:04
	to change the hour of a class,	41:08
	two years public notice.	41:12
	Now there was a reason for it.	41:14
	My own best friend came up as a freshman,	41:17
	sat with his advisor for 30 minutes	41:20
	and planned his entire academic career for a degree in arts,	41:22
	one in science and one in medicine in half an hour	41:26
	on the first day he got to the university,	41:30
	never saw him again.	41:33
	In fact, he managed to take a course in arts	41:36
	and one in medicine at the same time	41:38
	because he borrowed my notes,	41:39
	which I'd had the year before,	41:40
	and the professor gave the same lectures every year,	41:42
	so it was all right.	41:44
	Now this academic sense of eternity	41:49
	is hardly likely to enjoy outlining and implementing	41:54
	an Afro-American major in six months, including Swahili.	41:59
	Any black today who has a PhD in Afro-American studies	42:07
	has more purchasing power	42:15
	than if he owned gold certificates in France.	42:18
	And the Negro colleges have traumatic experiences	42:23
	about Harvard and Yale,	42:27
	and maybe Duke reading their faculties for teachers.	42:30
	More than that,	42:38
	we on this campus are disappointed in one another,	42:39
	some in Allen building, some in the Chronicle,	42:44
	some in the Proctor or the Kirchhoff	42:50
	or the Oregon committee,	42:54
	in the faculty, in the students,	42:57
	in the chapel, in the trustees, in the alumni, in Duke.	43:00
	We will not accept that this campus is but a true microcosm	43:10
	of the seething macrocosm,	43:18
	which the world has always been.	43:21
	And then we begin to single out our enemies	43:26
	and there is no enemy	43:33
	so hated as the one who is close at hand	43:35
	and once thought to be an ally.	43:41
	We tried to pit the chaplain against the assistant chaplain	43:46
	to their dismay because they are friends	43:51
	as well as colleagues.	43:56
	We set older faculty with tenure	43:59
	over against younger faculty without tenure.	44:02
	And we set the administration over against everybody.	44:08
	We focus on symbols, dowel chemicals, the white merchant,	44:13
	the cop, and soon I guess the ROTC.	44:19
	We sign petitions while other folk downtown	44:26
	work on committees for hours and in the boycott.	44:31
	And we, yes, we Christians develop	44:38
	a bewildered, bloody mindedness.	44:44
	One of the most gracious, gentle Christians I know,	44:47
	said to me on the day over the innovation of Allen building,	44:52
	"I hope they set fire to the police,	44:56
	and I hope we keep the doors locked	44:59
	and let them burn up inside."	45:01
	And that's one of the most gracious people I know.	45:04
	Now, this is what I mean by bewildered, bloody mindedness.	45:09
	It might be good for us to remember that it is unwise	45:16
	as well as unchristian	45:23
	for us to ascribe lower motives to others	45:26
	than we ascribe to ourselves.	45:32
	Let me say that again.	45:37
	Might be good for us to remember that it is unwise	45:39
	as well as unchristian for us to ascribe	45:44
	lower motives to others than we ascribe to ourselves.	45:49
	Self-righteousness is not a spiritual virtue.	45:56
	Smugness really suggests an openness to others.	46:01
	Epithets may inflame tension and provoke tear gas,	46:08
	and yet policemen are not pigs	46:15
	or piggers or piggross.	46:19
	They are people too.	46:24
	And Allen building is staffed by sinners	46:29
	just as the Chronicle is.	46:33
	But some in both places know that they are saints,	46:38
	in the Pauline sense.	46:44
	Now, for goodness sake remember that last phrase.	46:45
	In the Pauline sense.	46:49
	And it would be well for the community to find that out,	46:52
	because then we might have the beginning of community again.	46:56
	Then we could talk and not yell.	47:03
	We could reason about reasonable matters	47:09
	without either calling them demands	47:12
	or vetoing any appraisal of any appeal.	47:17
	We could become a university rather than the multiversity.	47:23
	which we now are.	47:33
	The Pauline saint is here among us.	47:39
	He does not pray that others be changed,	47:44
	he prays for himself	47:51
	that he forget not what he is,	47:55
	that he may fathom the length and breadth	48:01
	and height and depth of his Pauline saintliness	48:05
	and its responsibilities.	48:13
	He listens before he talks.	48:16
	He tries to keep lines of communication open.	48:21
	When reviled, he does not revile in return.	48:26
	He is despised and rejected of both right and left wings,	48:33
	a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief.	48:42
	But he is resolved that come hell	48:49
	or high water or worse,	48:53
	he will continue his ministry of compassion,	48:58
	of reconciliation, of reasonableness, of hope.	49:04
	And we need more saints like that.	49:13
	Let us pray.	49:21
	Oh God, who art dependent on very ordinary people	49:25
	for thy work.	49:30
	Persuade us that thou (indistinct) us	49:33
	for the ministry of reconciliation,	49:37
	that we may have peace on our campus.	49:41
	Peace with justice penetrated by love.	49:45
	In the name of him who blessed the peacemakers,	49:53
	even Jesus Christ thy son, our Lord.	49:58
	Amen.	50:06
	(slow music)	50:10
	(choir sings)	50:42
Man	All mighty God, our heavenly father,	1:01:45
	we bring our substance and ourselves	1:01:47
	symbolically here to this alter each and every one of us	1:01:50
	to dedicate what we are and have to be.	1:01:55
	We bring thee our ignorance that it may be dispelled.	1:01:59
	We bring thee our sins that they may be washed away.	1:02:03
	We bring thee our abilities	1:02:07
	that they may be consecrated and increased.	1:02:09
	We bring thee our means	1:02:12
	that they may be distributed throughout the earth	1:02:15
	for the glory of Christ.	1:02:18
	In his name we pray.	1:02:20

Item Info

Title:

James T. Cleland - "Saints in Caesar's Household" (March 9, 1969)

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4p26v519

Date:

March 9, 1969

Speaker:

Cleland, James T. (James Tough), 1903-1974

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 RR-0470
ref6145_xyz
uachapelsermaud
duke:628296
dcrau002461
ark:/87924/r4p26v519
f7326b49-07fc-4ef6-8ebe-3f478ee052a0

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings, 1954-2005

Related Resources:

See below

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

No Re-Use

In Copyright

Rights Note:

This material is made available for research, scholarship, and private study. Copyright in this material has not been transferred to Duke University. For reuses of this material beyond those permitted by fair use or otherwise allowed under the Copyright Act, please see our page on copyright and citations: https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

Sponsor:

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James T. Cleland - "Saints in Caesar's Household" (March 9, 1969)

Transcript

Item Info

1. James T. Cleland - "Saints in Caesar's Household" (March 9, 1969)

Duke University Archives

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James T. Cleland - "Saints in Caesar's Household" (March 9, 1969)

Transcript

Item Info

Related Item

Duke University Archives

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