Eugene Carson Blake - "Even the Desert Shall Bloom" (April 7, 1957); Waldo Beach - "Education for Failure" (April 28, 1957)

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-	Sunday April 7th, 1957.	0:06
	Preacher, Dr. Eugene Carson Blake president	0:09
	of National Council of Churches.	0:13
	(instrumental song)	0:16
	(congregation singing hymn song)	0:59
-	Let us all put onto God, our unison prayer of confession.	3:03
	Let us pray, Almighty God father	3:10
	of our own Lord Jesus Christ,	3:15
	maker of all things, judge of all men,	3:18
	we acknowledge our manifold, sins and wickedness,	3:22
	which we have committed by thought, word and deed.	3:26
	We do earnestly repent and are heartily sorry	3:31
	for these our misdoings,	3:35
	have mercy upon us most merciful father,	3:38
	forgive us all that is past	3:42
	and grant that you may ever hear after (mumbles)	3:45
	and please thee in newness of life.	3:48
	Through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.	3:52
	And now as our savior Christ has taught us.	3:56
	We humbly pray, our father who art in heaven,	4:00
	hallowed be thy name thy kingdom come,	4:06
	thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.	4:10
	Give us this day, our daily bread	4:15
	and forgive us our trespasses.	4:18
	As we forgive those who trespass against us	4:21
	and lead us not into temptation,	4:25
	but deliver us from evil	4:28
	for thine is the kingdom and the power	4:30
	and the glory forever, Amen.	4:34
	(instrumental song)	4:42
	(congregation singing hymn song)	5:22
	Here beginneth the first verse	9:58
	of the 55th chapter of the prophecy of Isaiah	10:00
	(coughs)	10:06
	Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters,	10:09
	and he that hath no money come ye, buy and eat.	10:16
	Yea, come buy wine and milk	10:22
	without money and without price.	10:25
	Wherefore, do ye spend money for that	10:31
	which is not bread?	10:33
	and your labor for that which satisfieth not?	10:36
	Hearken, diligently unto me,	10:41
	and eat ye that which is good,	10:43
	and let your soul delight itself in fatness.	10:46
	Incline your ear and come unto me,	10:50
	here and your soul shall live	10:54
	and I will make an everlasting covenant with you,	10:57
	even the sure mercies of David.	11:00
	Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people,	11:04
	a leader and commander to the people.	11:08
	Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not,	11:12
	and nations that knew not thee shall run	11:17
	unto thee because of the Lord, thy God,	11:20
	and for the Holy one of Israel	11:23
	for he hath glorified thee.	11:26
	Seek ye the Lord while he may be found,	11:30
	call ye upon him while he is near.	11:34
	Let the wicked forsake his way,	11:38
	and the unrighteous man his thoughts,	11:40
	and let him return unto the Lord,	11:44
	and he will have mercy upon him and to our God,	11:46
	for he will abundantly pardon.	11:52
	For my thoughts are not your thoughts	11:55
	neither are my ways your ways saith the Lord.	12:00
	For as the heavens are higher than the earth,	12:05
	so are my ways higher than your ways	12:08
	and my thoughts than your thoughts.	12:11
	For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven	12:15
	and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth,	12:20
	and maketh it bring forth and bud,	12:24
	that it may give seed to the sower	12:27
	and bread to the eater.	12:30
	So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth	12:33
	it shall not return unto me void,	12:38
	but it shall accomplish that which I please,	12:42
	and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it.	12:46
	For ye shall go out with joy	12:51
	and be led forth with peace.	12:53
	The mountains and the hills shall break	12:56
	forth before you into singing,	12:58
	and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.	13:01
	Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree,	13:07
	and instead of the brier shall come up the Myrtle tree	13:11
	and the shall be to the Lord for a name,	13:16
	for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.	13:20
	Here end of the lesson.	13:27
	May God blessed to us this reading from his holy word.	13:29
	(instrumental song)	13:36
	(congregation singing hymn song)	14:03
	The Lord be with you?	15:31
	(Congregation murmurs)	15:33
	Let us pray.	15:34
	We beseech thee Almighty God	15:42
	mercifully to look upon thy people,	15:46
	that by thy great goodness, they may be governed	15:50
	and preserved evermore both in body and soul	15:54
	through Jesus Christ, our Lord.	16:00
	Oh God, by whose word and wisdom	16:05
	we automate partakers of the life eternal,	16:10
	according to what we know and comprehend,	16:15
	we thank thee for life and it's daily Providences.	16:18
	For the fresh aids to holy living which experience provides,	16:25
	for all thy servants past and present,	16:32
	who have lived by faith and in nobleness of deed.	16:37
	But chiefly, we thank thee for Jesus Christ	16:44
	for the battle fought and the victory won in him	16:49
	for his abiding presence in the world he loved,	16:56
	for the promise that all nations and kingdoms	17:01
	shall finally acknowledge him, for Lord and savior.	17:05
	We beseech the soul to create us new	17:11
	that living as he gave example,	17:16
	we may overcome lawlessness,	17:18
	hinder wrong comfort sorrow	17:23
	and bring the joys and peace of thy heavenly kingdom	17:28
	wherever we go, through Jesus Christ, our Lord.	17:33
	oh God, who has made the church our Royal priesthood,	17:41
	that we may offer onto thee prayers of intercession.	17:47
	Hear us as we pray for the gifts of gaiety	17:52
	and freedom and simplicity	17:56
	for clean laughter, kindness, generosity,	18:00
	gentleness, honor, courtesy and self-control.	18:07
	For the consecration of the discontent of the young,	18:15
	for wisdom in the conservatism of the middle aged	18:21
	for resiliency in the obstinacy of the aging,	18:28
	help us both to know and acknowledge	18:34
	that the standard for man's life	18:38
	has been shown us in Jesus Christ, our Lord.	18:42
	Almighty and eternal God before who space	18:48
	the nations rise and fall men come and go	18:52
	and places of learning flourish and decay.	18:58
	We the children of time and the day cometh	19:04
	to thee our university founded in great hope,	19:08
	continued in a measure of success	19:16
	dedicated to your unite knowledge and religion.	19:21
	We ask thee to confirm it where it is wrong,	19:27
	to strengthen it where it is weak,	19:33
	to correct it where it is an error,	19:38
	to discipline it where it is disordered	19:43
	and to bless it where it combines truth and love	19:49
	in the glads service of man	19:56
	and in the happy acknowledgment of thee	20:00
	and the grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ	20:06
	be with us all evermore, Amen.	20:11
	(instrumental song)	20:21
	(someone coughs)	22:42
	(instrumental song)	22:44
	(congregation singing hymn song)	23:09
	(instrumental song)	26:53
	(congregation singing hymn song)	27:40
	All mighty God thou giver of every good and perfect gift.	28:12
	We all (mumbles) present unto thee,	28:19
	these symbols of ourselves,	28:22
	our souls and bodies to be a reasonable true	28:27
	and living sacrifice unto thee,	28:33
	in Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.	28:37
	(instrumental song)	28:43
	My text is the first verse of the 55th chapter of Isaiah.	29:14
	Ho, everyone one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters	29:22
	and he that hath no money come ye, buy and eat.	29:29
	Yea come, buy wine and milk	29:36
	without money and without price.	29:41
	Poetry is often hard to interpret,	29:49
	this 55th chapter of Isaiah is acknowledged	29:55
	to be great and beautiful poetry.	30:00
	Anyone with literary sensibility is moved	30:05
	by the beauty of its images,	30:09
	the grandeur of its language.	30:12
	But most of us even those who like poetry	30:16
	would probably be put to it familiar as it is	30:19
	to interpret the full sense of the chapter.	30:24
	What does it all mean anyway?	30:30
	What was the situation that called this writing forth?	30:33
	What did it signify to the people	30:38
	to whom it was originally addressed?	30:40
	And what does it mean if anything to us,	30:44
	gathered here this morning,	30:47
	poetry is different from prose, we know that.	30:51
	But the exact difference is sometimes hard	30:56
	to analyze or to express.	30:59
	I remember studying once a whole term	31:02
	in a college English course on this very subject.	31:05
	And even when we were finished and I passed the course,	31:10
	none of us were quite sure that we knew exactly	31:14
	what made a poem, a poem,	31:18
	much less what made a good poem, a good poem.	31:21
	But there is one thing that remains with me	31:27
	still after all these years in that course in poetics,	31:30
	that is the poetry is pictures, images, concreteness.	31:37
	Prose may contain pictures too,	31:46
	but prose is often abstract.	31:48
	Let me take an example	31:54
	during World War Two at the darkest hour of Britain's trial,	31:57
	when it looked as if the mighty power	32:05
	of the Nazi air force and armies was just waiting	32:08
	until it could come and take over Britain.	32:12
	Winston Churchill made a speech,	32:19
	and this is part of what he said	32:25
	to the beleaguered British people.	32:28
	"We shall go on to the end,	32:33
	we shall fight in France,	32:37
	we shall fight on the seas and oceans,	32:40
	we shall fight with growing confidence	32:44
	and growing strength in the air.	32:46
	We shall defend our island whatever the cost may be.	32:50
	We shall fight on the beaches,	32:55
	we shall fight on the landing grounds.	32:58
	We shall fight in the fields and in the streets,	33:01
	we shall fight in the hills.	33:05
	We shall never surrender."	33:08
	Churchill was speaking pure poetry,	33:13
	for putting prose all that the prime minister said,	33:18
	was that," whatever the Germans attack us,	33:21
	we shall fight them and we won't give up."	33:24
	Clear enough too, but no pictures, no images,	33:28
	no flashes in your mind, no warming in your heart.	33:36
	To understand poetry then,	33:44
	the first requirement is that we see the picture	33:46
	and then seeing the pictures,	33:49
	if we can if we will, in quite prosaic fashion,	33:52
	understand what those pictures mean?	33:58
	Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters	34:05
	and he that hath no money, come ye buy and eat.	34:11
	Yea come, buy wine and milk	34:17
	without money and without price.	34:21
	Let's look at the picture behind that text.	34:27
	It's a picture of a dry land where water is scarce	34:31
	and where because of the scarcity	34:36
	food and drink of all kinds	34:38
	were becoming more and more expensive each year.	34:40
	And more and more out of the reach of ordinary people.	34:44
	For a thousand years and more of this land	34:50
	of Mesopotamia have been to the center,	34:53
	the cradle of culture and of civilization.	34:56
	Even before history began to be written,	35:00
	there were traditions that this fertile land lying	35:03
	between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers	35:07
	had been inhabited by peoples extinct long	35:10
	before men had begun to write.	35:14
	Even the garden of Eden was placed in Mesopotamia	35:17
	by the ancient stories which had been told and retold.	35:21
	The cities of the plain had been sought for prizes,	35:27
	by (mumbles) empire after empire,	35:31
	which had risen and fallen through	35:34
	the centuries of recorded history.	35:37
	So not grip,	35:40
	I shall bang appall, they had conquered them.	35:42
	Ramesses of Egyptian tried and failed.	35:46
	And even now Cyrus, the Persian was on the March	35:50
	once more toward these great cities of the plain.	35:55
	During all that time of history Mesopotamia,	36:01
	had been watered well by it two great rivers flowing	36:04
	from their sources far to the north	36:08
	in the snow capped mountains of Iran,	36:11
	but of late the last century or two,	36:15
	water had begun to be a problem.	36:20
	To many of the hills that have been deforested,	36:24
	the flood waters each spring carried more and more	36:28
	of the precious topsoil into the sea.	36:32
	And dry seasons came it seemed with increasing frequency	36:36
	and that winds would blow away in powdery dust tons more	36:41
	of the precious life giving soil.	36:47
	And so it came to be finally that in normal seasons	36:53
	the rains themselves what a mixed blessing,	36:56
	they ran off so fast over that sun baked soil	37:00
	almost as hard was the soil as the clay bricks	37:04
	from which they had built their palaces and the houses,	37:07
	the sun baked soil soaked in	37:11
	but little of the needed water.	37:13
	But man had been in genius,	37:17
	Canals, irrigation ditches had criss-crossed	37:20
	the whole land and still year after year,	37:26
	water became more scarce.	37:31
	And because of it food became more expensive.	37:34
	Not merely I remind you in money prices	37:38
	for that can be adjusted,	37:42
	but food became more expensive in the labor required	37:45
	to produce it and to transport it.	37:50
	And thus by the time our prophet poet wrote	37:54
	even the fairly thoughtless ordinary people	37:57
	had become aware of the fact that water	38:02
	was the most precious of all commodities.	38:05
	And that gentle rain was the gift of life itself.	38:09
	And so what we were watching was the caving in	38:16
	of a great civilization due to the lack of water.	38:20
	Babylon was doomed although it did not know it.	38:26
	And at this time the prophet was speaking his message	38:33
	to his fellow captives from Israel	38:38
	who had been transported there	38:41
	to Babylon a generation or two before.	38:43
	Nor was it long after as history has measured	38:49
	that Babylon and the whole region	38:54
	between the rivers was no longer the center	38:57
	of culture at all.	39:01
	But it turned into a sudden baked sleepy	39:03
	outpost of civilization,	39:06
	which had remained until well was found.	39:08
	Where a few scattered remnants of people	39:14
	picked out a living in poverty	39:16
	where once great cities had stood proudly	39:21
	with their fabled hanging gardens	39:26
	and a great marketplaces teeming with life and with beauty.	39:29
	This is the background of the prophet's poem.	39:37
	In it he pictured an open marketplace,	39:43
	hawkers and farmers are calling to the crowds	39:47
	there are various wealths,	39:50
	the produce which is for sale,	39:52
	but prices are high, terribly high.	39:56
	So high that businesses slack,	40:01
	the people don't have the money	40:04
	to buy even the necessities,	40:05
	when suddenly above the other voices	40:09
	of the marketplace sounds out a new cry.	40:12
	Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters,	40:17
	water was being sold now	40:25
	to drink it was so expensive, so scarce,	40:27
	Oh, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters	40:31
	and he that hath no money, come ye buy and eat.	40:36
	Yea, come buy wine and milk	40:41
	without money, without price.	40:44
	You can picture for yourself the surprise,	40:49
	the incredulity, the wonder of those poor	40:53
	and discouraged people.	40:57
	What kind of bad joke is this?	41:00
	Free wine, free milk can't be true?	41:03
	As the prophet spoke,	41:10
	his poem to his people gathered near him at day's end.	41:11
	He caught their attention,	41:17
	we may be sure with his startling picture	41:19
	of free water, food, wine and milk,	41:22
	but of course he made it clear immediately	41:27
	that the picture was not a literal one.	41:30
	He had no more water than they, he was as poor	41:35
	and they understood that he was teaching them in poetry,	41:42
	a lesson about their God, about the God of Israel	41:47
	whom they'd almost forgotten so long	41:53
	had they been in exile from their land	41:56
	and so hard where the economic realities	41:59
	of life as it pressed in upon them.	42:03
	Always in hard times men and women seem	42:10
	to think a little bit more about religion.	42:15
	Not that hard times make people religious,	42:19
	but hard times make people think more about religion	42:24
	for when the materials of life	42:29
	become harder and harder to get.	42:31
	There is obviously and naturally	42:36
	more interested possible spiritual goods.	42:38
	Men ask, after all what does life mean?	42:45
	Is it worth it?	42:49
	What must I do to be saved?	42:52
	How can I find God?	42:57
	And those who become really interested in religion	43:01
	tend to think of spiritual goods as too hard to get	43:03
	that they too must be struggled for as other goods.	43:09
	That faith and hope and peace and power,	43:13
	require the same kind of competitive effort	43:18
	that water and food and milk require.	43:22
	And so what the prophet was saying to them in this poem,	43:27
	what this preacher was saying to these people,	43:31
	these thirsty and hungry people,	43:34
	thirsty as much for God almost as they were for a water,	43:37
	hungry for God almost as much as they	43:42
	were for bread or milk.	43:46
	To these people a prophet was saying,	43:49
	God's not hard to find, he's not far off,	43:53
	he's not the end or the goal	43:59
	of a long and difficult search.	44:01
	Your God is near, as near as the market place,	44:07
	and his word of hope and his word of comfort	44:13
	and his word of power are free no price at all.	44:17
	All you must do is listen,	44:24
	heed what he says to you	44:27
	hear, hear and your soul shall live.	44:30
	God does this prophet pictured him is	44:38
	continually offering us the greatest bargains imaginable	44:42
	in the very things that we most want and need.	44:49
	Peace in a troubled warlike world,	44:55
	forgiveness to men who are accustomed	45:01
	to being bargained for the final penny of indebtedness.	45:03
	In this word freely coming from God.	45:10
	The prophet says will produce in your life, fruit,	45:16
	just as the rain will make flowers blossom	45:23
	when it gently falls on fertile soil.	45:28
	Seek ye the Lord while he may be found,	45:33
	call ye upon him while he is near.	45:36
	Let the wicked forsake his way	45:40
	on the unrighteous man his thoughts	45:42
	and let him return unto the Lord,	45:45
	and he will have mercy upon him	45:46
	and to our God for he will abundantly pardon.	45:48
	For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven	45:53
	and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth	45:58
	and make it bring forth and bud,	46:03
	that it may give seed to the sower	46:06
	and bread to the eater.	46:09
	So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth.	46:12
	It shall not return unto me void,	46:18
	but it shall accomplish that which I please,	46:22
	and it shall prosper	46:27
	in the thing whereto I sent it.	46:29
	One very simple idea is the essential	46:34
	of this word of hope to that people have long ago.	46:39
	God, a God of mercy, generous at heart, rich with grace,	46:45
	God was seeking them.	46:57
	He had gifts and they were free	47:01
	reach forth your hands receive them.	47:06
	And rich would be first the blossoming	47:12
	and then the fruitage in battered lives.	47:16
	Religion is not essentially the struggle	47:21
	we so often make it.	47:25
	Faith is the end of struggle.	47:28
	God is good. He is gracious.	47:32
	He cannot be won by our effort	47:36
	nor bought with our money.	47:39
	God is a God of grace,	47:43
	whose gifts are yours for the asking.	47:46
	Let me pause a moment here to note	47:53
	the result of this prophet preaching	47:56
	for the result was almost unbelievable.	48:00
	Those people heard, they heeded	48:05
	and what's more they repented and turned to God.	48:10
	They soon returned many of them to their own land.	48:15
	And based upon their new insight and understanding	48:19
	of what faith could be they build a new culture	48:22
	and a new civilization in the Holy land,	48:27
	a culture and a civilization good enough	48:32
	for Jesus Christ that lasts to grace	48:35
	by his birth and by his life.	48:40
	Now if any religious message could so create	48:44
	a new blossoming in the desert of this world,	48:48
	we may well ask what this ancient poem	48:53
	means to us this morning.	48:56
	Far with minor and unimportant variations our need,	49:00
	our human need is about the same	49:05
	as was theirs so long ago.	49:07
	That God is seeking us out in his grace,	49:12
	always before we think to seek for him,	49:16
	that faith is after all not one by our human struggle,	49:21
	but rather by our acceptance of God's	49:26
	in the false and worthless struggling.	49:29
	That God is willing to make a covenant with you and me	49:34
	a bargain so generous on his part,	49:42
	that skeptically we're assured too good to be true.	49:47
	Wherefore do you spend money?	49:52
	For that which is not bread	49:55
	and your labor for that which satisfies if not,	49:58
	you want life, you want joy.	50:03
	You want to find it.	50:07
	All of us are on this quest, true happiness.	50:11
	Then turn to God, receive his gifts.	50:17
	His word planted in your heart will blossom,	50:23
	and the (mumbles) desert of that soil.	50:31
	This is the gospel, the good news of God.	50:36
	When we Christian preachers try to make you see it,	50:42
	we have the more specifically Christian poem	50:46
	full of beauty and of power	50:51
	to save even more than that of the ancient prophet.	50:55
	The late Canon Streeter once put it this way,	51:00
	there is an ancient story,	51:06
	Is it a parable or something more?	51:10
	He might've asked is it a poem?	51:15
	There is an ancient story,	51:20
	which has a strangely moving power.	51:23
	First of all, the scene is set in heaven before all worlds.	51:27
	It changes for a while to earth under Pontius Pilate,	51:32
	and then were back in heaven till the final end of things.	51:39
	Very God of very God for us man	51:46
	and our salvation so the story run.	51:51
	So the poem has it, very God of very God for us man	51:56
	and our salvation came down from heaven,	52:03
	was incarnate of the Virgin and was made man.	52:08
	Crucified also for us.	52:14
	He rose again, ascended into heaven,	52:17
	sitteth on the right hand of the father.	52:22
	And shall come again with glory	52:25
	to judge both quick and debt.	52:28
	This is the story poem that is told	52:33
	and retold at all Christian churches in every way we speak,	52:37
	the coming of God to his people in Jesus Christ.	52:43
	But we must remember it is a poem,	52:49
	a mighty work of God to move us.	52:53
	And we must see its imagery with the Spirit's eyes	52:57
	until it find its place and blossom in our battered lives.	53:01
	The part of the wonder of it is that	53:09
	when we find this Christian faith,	53:10
	when we really hear this word to us from God,	53:13
	we find that we have not found an escape.	53:20
	We're not turning our backs upon the hard	53:25
	and harsh realities of daily life,	53:28
	the marketplaces and the high prices	53:32
	and the too little water for irrigation	53:35
	and lack of rainfall for the fields	53:38
	or any of the other more modern economic problems.	53:41
	No we find that the end of the story	53:48
	as the prophet pictures it and as it is through,	53:51
	is not some bodiless spiritual existence	53:55
	that Christ and his gospel brings to men.	54:00
	Rather, we find ourselves committed	54:05
	to a rescued to a redeemed earth as well.	54:08
	The mountains and the hills shall break forth	54:15
	before you in the singing	54:18
	and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.	54:21
	That's poetry alright?	54:25
	The image of a fertile peaceful earth,	54:28
	and the prophet continues, instead of the thorn	54:33
	shall come up the fir tree,	54:36
	and then instead of the brier shall come up the Myrtle tree.	54:39
	(someone coughs)	54:43
	That's the climactic end of the poem,	54:44
	a very accurate description by the way,	54:47
	of what must grow up on the hills fir trees	54:50
	instead of cactus,	54:53
	if the earth is to produce abundance.	54:55
	And if there is to be peace and prosperity among men.	54:59
	There are two kinds of people	55:06
	to whom I speak this morning,	55:07
	those of you first to find religion and effort	55:11
	hard like all the rest of life	55:18
	a struggle and unequal competition a strain,	55:22
	to you once more comes the gospel promise.	55:29
	God is near, his gifts are free receive them thou.	55:35
	And to those of you who hardly know you want God at all.	55:44
	So busy, you have been in searching for bread,	55:50
	which doesn't satisfy.	55:55
	And the other things on the other trinkets	55:58
	with which men try to fill their days	56:01
	and satisfy restless hearts.	56:04
	You two are thirst for God.	56:08
	Though you know it not until	56:12
	you two comes the invitation	56:15
	framed in the ancient prophets words.	56:19
	Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters	56:24
	and he that hath money, come ye buy and eat.	56:31
	Yea, come and buy wine and milk	56:38
	without money and without price.	56:44
	Let us pray.	56:51
	Oh, thou gracious heavenly father,	57:00
	God of the past, the end of this hour,	57:05
	father of our Lord Jesus Christ (mumbles)	57:09
	who has called us to be thy sons.	57:12
	We pray thee that hearing thy word of truth.	57:20
	We may respond to it in our hearts and with our lives	57:25
	that receiving thy good gifts we may learn	57:31
	to share them with all thy children everywhere.	57:34
	And the peace of God which passes all understanding,	57:42
	keep your hearts and minds and the knowledge	57:47
	and love of God and of his son, Jesus Christ, our Lord.	57:50
	And the blessing of God Almighty the Father, the Son,	57:56
	and the Holy Ghost rest upon you	58:00
	and remain with you always.	58:05
	(congregation singing hymn song)	58:31

	(organ music)	0:03
-	Sunday morning, April 14th, 1957.	0:06
	Preacher the Reverend Professor Waldo Beach	0:11
	from the Divinity School	0:14
	(organ music)	0:16
	(choir sings)	0:29
	(organ music)	1:03
	(choir sings)	1:38
-	Let us offer unto God, our unison prayer of confession.	4:22
	Let us pray.	4:27
	Almighty God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,	4:31
	maker of all things, judge of all men	4:36
	we acknowledge our manifold sins and wickedness	4:40
	which we have have committed by thought, word and deed.	4:44
	We do earnestly repent and are heartedly sorry	4:49
	for these our misdoings, have mercy upon us	4:53
	most merciful father, forgive us all that is passed,	4:57
	and gran that we may ever hereafter	5:02
	serve and please thee in newness of life	5:05
	through Jesus Christ, our Lord, amen.	5:09
	And now as our Lord Christ had taught us	5:14
	we pray together saying.	5:17
	Our father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name,	5:19
	thy kingdom come, thy will be done	5:25
	on earth as it is in heaven.	5:29
	Give us this day our daily bread,	5:32
	and forgive us our trespasses,	5:35
	as we forgive those who trespass against us,	5:37
	and lead us not into temptation	5:41
	but deliver us from evil.	5:44
	For thine is the kingdom	5:47
	and the power and the glory forever, amen.	5:49
	(organ music)	5:56
	(choir music)	6:37
	(organ music)	8:49
-	Let us hear the word of God,	9:11
	as it is written in the gospel of Look 19:29-41.	9:13
	When he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany	9:23
	at the mount that is called Olivet,	9:26
	he sent two of the disciples saying,	9:29
	"Go into the village opposite	9:32
	where on entering, you will find a colt tied	9:34
	on which no one has ever yet sat.	9:37
	Untie it and bring it here.	9:41
	If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?'	9:43
	You shall say this, 'The Lord has need of it.'"	9:47
	So those who were sent away,	9:52
	went away and found it as he had told them.	9:54
	And as they were untying the coat, his owner said to them,	9:58
	"Why are you untying the colt?"	10:02
	And they said, "The Lord has need of it."	10:05
	And they brought it to Jesus.	10:09
	And throwing their garments on the colt.	10:11
	They set Jesus upon it.	10:13
	And as he rode along,	10:15
	they spread their garments on the road.	10:17
	And he was now drawing near	10:20
	at the dissent of the Mount of Olives.	10:21
	The whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice	10:24
	and praise God with a loud voice,	10:27
	for all the mighty works that they had seen saying.	10:30
	"Blessed be the king who comes in the name of the Lord,	10:34
	peace in heaven and glory in the highest."	10:38
	And when he drew near and saw the city,	10:43
	he wept over it saying,	10:46
	"Would that even today,	10:50
	you knew the things that make for peace	10:52
	But now they are hid from your eyes.	10:56
	For the days all come upon you	11:00
	when your enemies will cast up a bank about you	11:02
	and surround you, and hem you in on every side,	11:05
	and dash you to the ground,	11:09
	you and your children within you,	11:11
	and they will not leave one stone upon another in you	11:15
	because you did not know the time of your visitation."	11:19
	May God bless into our understanding	11:24
	this reading of his holy word, amen.	11:28
	(organ music)	11:32
	(choir sings)	12:16
-	The Lord be with you	14:52
Congregation	And with your spirit.	14:54
-	Let us pray.	14:56
	O Lord and creator of all things,	15:07
	we lift to thee for thy praise,	15:11
	our prayers of Thanksgiving and adoration	15:14
	for the wonder and blessings of this season.	15:18
	For the glory and beauty with which thou has crowned nature	15:24
	in this springtime,	15:29
	so that the earth is indeed full of thy glory,	15:31
	we thank thee, O Lord.	15:32
	For the symphony of nature	15:33
	that is heard in the singing of birds.	15:44
	That is seen in the blending patterns of color.	15:48
	That is felt in the earth beneath us	15:53
	The air that surrounds us, and in the heavens above	15:57
	so that creation declares thy harmony,	16:02
	we thank thee, O Lord.	16:06
	For our new life brings from seeds planted into good earth	16:11
	to bring forth harvest the flowers and food,	16:16
	so that our Providence is made man to feast,	16:20
	we give thee thanks O Lord.	16:25
	For the capacity within us to see, to hear,	16:31
	and to feel thy creation,	16:36
	that makes us stand in wonder and excitement	16:39
	before thy handy work.	16:43
	And to know that our art God,	16:46
	we offer unto thee	16:50
	our heartfelt thanksgiving and adoration.	16:52
	O God of life, as nature manifests thy beauty,	16:58
	and harmony and providence,	17:03
	enable us, we pray thee,	17:07
	to open our lives to thy creative power,	17:08
	so that we too may live to thy glory.	17:13
	Then we shall praise thee, not only with our lips	17:17
	but with our lives.	17:21
	We ask this for the sake of Jesus Christ, our Lord.	17:23
	O Lord and giver of every good relationship among men,	17:32
	on this day when mothers visit their daughters	17:38
	on this campus, we give the humble thanks	17:41
	for homes of this earth, and parents of our flesh.	17:46
	We blessed thy name for every sacrifice of theirs,	17:53
	for every gentle thought and deed,	17:58
	for every truth imported by their lips and their lives.	18:03
	Hold them in the benediction of thy presence	18:11
	And strengthen us to fill their days with double joy.	18:15
	For every early thoughtlessness of ours,	18:20
	carried our Lord within our homes,	18:26
	making them die for the sake of Jesus Christ.	18:30
	And now our father, we offer unto thee,	18:37
	our special prayers of thanksgiving and petition	18:39
	for this holy day, and for this holy week, which it begins.	18:43
	As this day we keep the special memory	18:49
	of our redeemers entry into the city, which hailed him,	18:52
	and then rejected him.	18:56
	We give thee thanks that his spirit	19:00
	is forever seeking entrance into our world life.	19:02
	He comes as the impulse to sympathy	19:07
	and compassion between man and man.	19:10
	As the will to brotherhood eager	19:14
	to banish all suspicion and hatred.	19:15
	As the self-giving spirit	19:19
	which bears the burdens of others even to a cross.	19:21
	Give us responsive spirits	19:26
	that as he meets us in the life of time,	19:30
	we may know him for the revelation of thy truth,	19:33
	and receive him as our Lord and king.	19:37
	Forbid that we should hail him as master	19:41
	when all men speak well of him,	19:43
	and then deny him in the lonely hour of his rejection.	19:45
	Increase our faith in him as thine own word to us.	19:51
	That we may deny ourselves	19:56
	and take up what cross thou givest us	19:59
	and follow him for his sake.	20:03
	O most compassionate father,	20:08
	who long is to lead all thy children	20:11
	out of darkness into light,	20:13
	send the spirit of son this day	20:16
	to all who sit in darkness	20:18
	within the walls of their own sorrows or perplexities.	20:21
	May they hear the song of rejoicing	20:26
	of those who had found him, their savior and helper.	20:29
	And fleeing wide the gates of their spirits.	20:33
	That he may bring them peace.	20:37
	And now may thy grace and peace be upon us all.	20:42
	We pray for the sake of Christ, our Lord, amen.	20:46
	(organ music)	20:56
	♪ Lord have mercy ♪	24:10
	♪ Lord have mercy ♪	24:22
	♪ Lord have mercy ♪	24:32
	(choir sings)	24:39
	(organ music)	28:23
	(choir sings)	29:39
-	O God of love, who has offered to us the perfect gift	30:14
	of redemption through thy son,	30:19
	accept this offering of thanksgiving	30:22
	and dedication from thy children.	30:24
	And though it be unworthy and incomplete,	30:28
	make us more worthy as we seek to grow in thy grace.	30:33
	For the sake of Christ, our Lord, we pray, amen.	30:39
	(organ music)	30:45
-	One of our favorite American words is the word success.	31:17
	Like a great blinking neon light,	31:24
	the word success presides over our culture, our business,	31:30
	our politics, our churches, our clubs,	31:34
	our entertainment, even our campus.	31:39
	What we are here for is to succeed.	31:44
	There's no clear consensus as to exactly	31:50
	what the word means,	31:52
	but it's usually taken to mean	31:55
	the delight in winning the prize on the TV show.	31:56
	It means arrival at the top of a ladder.	32:02
	It means being over somebody, not as fortunate	32:05
	or as hardworking.	32:08
	It means a sales record for cars,	32:11
	or for a class enrollment that beats everybody else.	32:15
	It means getting to wherever you set out for.	32:21
	It means hitting the jackpot.	32:26
	It means winning the championship.	32:29
	Copping the Oscar.	32:33
	University culture mirrors	32:39
	this American ideal very faithfully.	32:42
	And the phrase common among educators	32:46
	and college catalogs is, education for success,	32:49
	training for a successful living.	32:56
	And our community life here is set up	33:01
	as a kind of rehearsal in the small	33:03
	of the great American success story.	33:08
	Everyone aims to be the successful student, the leader	33:13
	the president of this or that tapped for ODK,	33:16
	elected to Phi Beta Kappa.	33:21
	And his quality points shine in his crown at graduation.	33:24
	And promise him success in the next chapter of his life.	33:30
	For eternities are commended because they provide	33:35
	connections which will help the Duke get established	33:39
	in the business jungle after college,	33:44
	or at least that's what is said during rushing.	33:48
	The chanticleer is a kind of Bible of campus success.	33:54
	Full of kings and queens and heroes.	33:59
	And the reason it is so thick every year	34:05
	is that it must do honor to all the leaders,	34:07
	all the students most likely to succeed.	34:10
	And in such a place as this,	34:14
	we have too many chiefs not enough Indians.	34:16
	(congregation laughs)	34:22
	No one dares stop in the great rat race	34:26
	to suggest that the American ideal of success	34:29
	may be a mirage,	34:34
	or if he does suggest that he's written off	34:37
	as a dower cynic.	34:39
	The American dogma is that every story	34:43
	must have a happy ending.	34:45
	Everybody is destined for success,	34:50
	if only they take advantage of the opportunity,	34:52
	and mail in the entry blank.	34:56
	Everybody has to be a winner,	35:00
	is just a law of the universe.	35:02
	This is dramatized daily in the arrangements made	35:06
	in the TV giveaway and quiz shows,	35:11
	which are Roman circuses	35:13
	for even the loser to being a winner.	35:17
	"I'm so sorry," says the MC,	35:22
	"You can't name five generals in World War II.	35:25
	Do take this small check for $500 just for trying so hard."	35:30
	And then there's great applause.	35:35
	So everybody will come to some part of gold	35:38
	at the end of the rainbow.	35:41
	This is the gospel of Hollywood, and TV,	35:43
	and pocket size magazines and serial boxes.	35:47
	And much of the psychological quackery	35:52
	which passes for religion helps	35:55
	to sustain and perpetuate this American dream of success.	35:58
	Vital successful living is guaranteed	36:07
	if you practice these scientific 10 steps	36:10
	it's so simple, you can't lose.	36:13
	It's rare that anyone challenges this Abra Cadabra.	36:18
	But the fatal weakness in the whole scheme is suggested.	36:24
	In an exchange of letters in the newspaper sometime back,	36:28
	somebody wrote a testimonial describing glowingly	36:34
	how a certain athlete of indifferent ability	36:39
	by virtue of practicing the 10 steps to success	36:45
	had won the 440 race handly in the next meet	36:50
	But then somebody else rode in asking,	36:57
	"All right, but what if the 10 steps to success	37:00
	had been practiced by all the runners in the meet?"	37:05
	The question punctures neatly the whole inflated	37:12
	fantastic illusion, everybody can't be a winner.	37:17
	There have to be also rams.	37:23
	Everybody can't be an A,	37:27
	there have to be Bs and Cs and Ds and Fs.	37:30
	This is life's built in great curve.	37:37
	And there's a great peril	37:42
	in the whole idea of education for success.	37:44
	And especially the way success is understood on campus	37:47
	as meaning, coming in first, winning out.	37:50
	I suspect that we are vaguely aware	37:56
	of the falsity of success once in a while.	37:59
	What we call senior jitters	38:05
	As common, an ailment as spring fever, this time of year	38:09
	or falling in love.	38:13
	Senior jitters arises from the awareness that sneaks up	38:17
	on us some April morning with two months of college to go.	38:20
	That along the line somewhere somebody fooled us.	38:27
	And the quality points and prizes and cups and crowns	38:33
	look a little small, a little dingy	38:40
	Even the BMOC,	38:46
	who has worked for four years to get on top	38:50
	may find himself disillusion to discover	38:53
	that the elevation is slight.	38:57
	But wore to the student who takes campus success	39:01
	as the goal of life as the be all and end all of his days.	39:07
	There's not think more pathetic	39:14
	than the May Queen who never quite got over it.	39:17
	(congregation laughs)	39:20
	And there's a distinct shock in store	39:25
	for the young alumni who comes back for a visit,	39:27
	and finds women student government operating well	39:32
	without her services.	39:36
	And the common trouble with a successful student	39:40
	who has had no sense of the falsity of the mirage,	39:42
	the BMOC, and is it like all big wheels,	39:47
	his center is a long way from the ground.	39:51
	To educate for success	39:56
	is to ride for a fall sooner or later.	39:58
	To assume that life is a movement towards a happy ending	40:03
	is to set us up as easy victims	40:10
	for disillusionment and despair.	40:12
	We need also to educate for failure, for tragedy,	40:15
	for the perversities of human nature,	40:21
	the let downs of human existence,	40:26
	for the gremlins who inhabit our universe	40:30
	as surely as fairy godmothers.	40:33
	To educate for failure means the equipment of mind	40:38
	and heart to meet the tragic element,	40:42
	which is built into the structure of human life.	40:46
	It means preparation for being up against it.	40:51
	I was curious that in that phrase,	40:57
	being up against it, it always refers	41:00
	to something tragic.	41:06
	Tragedy comes in many forms.	41:11
	It may mean the sudden catastrophic blow of a sudden death.	41:15
	It smashes in our house of serenity.	41:22
	Leaves us numb and powerless	41:27
	unless we have acquired some resources	41:30
	of spirit and mind to draw on.	41:34
	Everyone encounters some smashing tragedy of this sort.	41:41
	Or at least as a brush with it along the way.	41:46
	And yet our education is so carefully oblivious	41:50
	to this radical evil in life.	41:54
	So preoccupied with successful and happy living	41:58
	that the specter of death of tragedy	42:03
	is avoided until unavoidable.	42:07
	We practically have a phobia about it,	42:11
	like William Randolph Hearst, who refused to have	42:14
	anyone mention the word death in his presence.	42:18
	The catastrophic, devastating, the emergency	42:24
	just doesn't fit our scheme.	42:28
	So we are not on like third grade school children	42:32
	in a civil defense air raid test.	42:37
	Who must be considerably mystified	42:42
	about human destiny.	42:45
	When they crawl down under their desks for the air raid,	42:48
	and then crawl out to resume reading "Cinderella"	42:51
	where they left off when the siren sounded.	42:55
	Though, there are the sharp and the sudden tragedies,	43:02
	the usual kind of failure are of another sort.	43:06
	These are the slow and seeping failures of daily living.	43:11
	The gradual dying of hopes and dreams.	43:18
	The gray disenchantment of the years.	43:22
	The slow attrition of times blows.	43:27
	The unspectacular failures of talent,	43:34
	and intelligence into dull mediocrity.	43:38
	The settling down of bright courage	43:43
	into a tired middle aged cynicism.	43:46
	Countering at every point in life.	43:52
	the hope for a better day tomorrow,	43:54
	the hope for the achievement	43:56
	surpassing the old winning out	43:59
	is the opposite limiting factor,	44:02
	Which turns back the hope,	44:06
	which makes living a slow form of dying.	44:10
	Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman"	44:18
	was a play that struck home sharply	44:23
	to its audiences because it epitomized	44:25
	the failure of the American success story.	44:29
	Willie Loman is a pathetic bewildered product	44:35
	of education for success	44:39
	And he had no resource with which to meet failure.	44:42
	And Willie's sons whom he tries to indoctrinate	44:48
	with the formula for success.	44:53
	They are disillusioned when Willie proves much less	44:56
	than a hero and a paragon of virtue.	45:02
	The play puts well one of life's continual	45:06
	processes of disillusionment	45:11
	when we realize that our parents,	45:15
	beneath their elaborate disguises are not heroes and saints	45:19
	but about average, about C minus people.	45:26
	Or when our children failed to realize our hopes for them.	45:32
	And they turned out to be about average too.	45:36
	Now, is this a fitting word to speak to undergraduates	45:42
	for a mother daughter weekend in the springtime of the year?	45:46
	When life looks like an upward road full of bright promise	45:53
	time enough later, you say for the troubles	46:00
	for now we live by hope that sends a shining ray	46:04
	far down the futures broadening way.	46:10
	But what of the fact that the future is a narrowing way?	46:16
	If there be a running down of life,	46:25
	as much as a running up.	46:27
	should not education equip us somewhere,	46:30
	if it claims to see life steadily and hold	46:34
	to reckon with this tragic element,	46:39
	this dark tomb,	46:42
	somehow to be mindful of the transiency	46:47
	the passing away of all hopes, all persons.	46:51
	Somehow to remember the Biblical note,	46:57
	as for man his days are his grass,	47:01
	as a flower of the field, so he flourishes.	47:05
	For the wind passes over it and it is gone.	47:10
	And the place they're off shall know it no more.	47:13
	There are many kinds of responses	47:21
	of faith to the failures of life.	47:23
	Either it's stark tragedies, or its slow letdowns.	47:27
	In which men repeat ancient answers.	47:33
	One I suppose, would be a kind of Epicureanism	47:37
	which would simply refuse to face the tragic	47:42
	Continue to have fun.	47:47
	Life is a comedy before us.	47:51
	Continual cabin party to be played for the kicks.	47:54
	But sooner or later the morning after comes.	48:02
	The funny man has nothing to say.	48:06
	Or the response of faith to failure	48:11
	may be a kind of grim stoicism,	48:14
	which sees the whole shell as tragic,	48:19
	concocted by a perverse demon, as a cruel joke.	48:22
	We are here to sweat it out	48:27
	and to brave it through like	48:28
	perhaps houseman's straps in your lad.	48:31
	The troubles of our proud and angry dust	48:35
	are from eternity and shall not fail.	48:38
	Bear than we can, and if we can	48:43
	we must shoulder the sky, my lad, and drink your ail.	48:45
	The Christian faith offers a profoundly different answer	48:53
	to the problems of failure.	48:58
	For Christianity, the drama of human existence is	49:01
	neither a fuss nor a grim tragedy.	49:06
	But a drama for the education of the soul.	49:12
	Wherein it can learn by way of failure or success.	49:16
	The true purpose of human life.	49:24
	The true understanding of what we are here for.	49:26
	The point of relevance of the Christian faith	49:33
	to this issue is that it provides an answer	49:36
	beyond success or failure.	49:41
	According to the gospels, according to Christian theology	49:46
	where the sign of the faith is a cross,	49:51
	life is not a success story, everybody a winner.	49:55
	And at this point Christianity becomes	50:02
	the criticism of the American fable.	50:04
	It educates us to see how misleading	50:08
	the American ideal is at its heart.	50:10
	But more importantly the Christian faith enables us	50:15
	to redefine the content of success and failure.	50:19
	If the last question asked by American culture is,	50:28
	were you successful?	50:32
	Did you win?	50:34
	The last question asked by Christianity is,	50:37
	Were you faithful?	50:42
	It is integrity, not success	50:45
	Which is the Christian mark of worth.	50:49
	And though it may take some long time to find this out,	50:53
	and perhaps a long way around,	50:59
	yet it is the Christian answer,	51:01
	which goes beyond success or failure .	51:04
	To be a little more specific.	51:10
	What most of you confront after college	51:12
	is far from glamorous, romantic, successful.	51:15
	Far from being queen.	51:21
	Rather it's life in the ranks.	51:26
	Life at the level of gray Monday morning doings.	51:28
	There are the drudgeries of the menial	51:35
	and the humdrum miles from shoe and slipper weekend.	51:37
	There are miles of typewriter ribbon to bang.	51:45
	Or on the average,	51:49
	per housewife for a year 39,000 dishes to wash.	51:51
	There is considerable contrast	52:00
	between white duchy and dirty diapers.	52:02
	(congregation laughs)	52:06
	And by this fact there's not much success	52:08
	by chanticleer standards.	52:14
	But education informed by the Christian faith	52:17
	can equip the student ahead of time	52:22
	to realize that the meaning of life	52:24
	does not consist in success, but in faithfulness,	52:25
	in trust, in love, in patience, in long suffering,	52:30
	in the daily meeting of human need, in thankless devotions.	52:37
	We are here not to succeed, but to love.	52:45
	Whether our love has a happy ending or a sad one.	52:53
	It's worth stands in failure as much as in success.	52:58
	In this sense, Christian faith is disenchantment	53:05
	with a success fable, but it is re-enchantment	53:10
	with authentic success.	53:16
	Christianity never should be construed	53:20
	to offer the cash prize, the straight A, the presidency.	53:22
	What it does offer is the reward of serenity and confidence	53:29
	Which is nonchalant about success.	53:36
	And which is serene within failure.	53:40
	It is educated in equanimity for life or death.	53:45
	This is what St. Paul means when he says,	53:54
	whether we live or whether we die,	53:57
	we are the Lords.	54:01
	Unless a duke student gets some inkling	54:03
	of this ideal he's headed for or despair and frustration.	54:06
	But if he's learned to see beyond the mirage of success	54:12
	to the truth of the cross, he will hear even now	54:18
	be putting on something of the armor of God.	54:24
	In a curious way, the Palm Sunday story	54:33
	can be seen as appropriate to this Christian truth.	54:37
	It's usually taken in a Hollywood sense	54:43
	as being a success story.	54:47
	The triumphal entry into Jerusalem, the shouts of the crowd	54:50
	a happy day when the Messiah arrives.	54:55
	But this is entirely the wrong way to take it.	55:01
	It just wrenches it out of its context in holy week.	55:05
	It is rather a day of tragic irony	55:11
	where success and failure are all mixed up.	55:16
	The crowd missed the point of the story in the entry.	55:21
	They took Christ for what he was not.	55:25
	They missed the symbolism of his ridding on a colt,	55:28
	the symbol of suffering servant.	55:32
	They took him for a military hero	55:36
	who would bring them political success	55:38
	through some magical trick.	55:43
	And in the grand manner of a Cecil B. DeMille,	55:46
	Christ alone understands the irony.	55:51
	He knows the thinness of their loyalty.	55:56
	He knows their disillusionment.	56:00
	He can see the shadow of the cross prefigured	56:03
	over the palms of the Jerusalem road.	56:06
	I mean all the parading and rejoicing,	56:11
	he weeps Jerusalem does not know the time of its visitation.	56:13
	Palm Sunday is not a success story,	56:24
	it is a story of failure by the standards of the world.	56:27
	But it is a story of integrity and faithfulness	56:34
	even unto the cross of Good Friday,	56:40
	where man's faithfulness within failure	56:47
	is transmuted into victory.	56:52
	Let us pray.	57:01
	Almighty God who has granted to us,	57:13
	the perilous gift of freedom,	57:17
	and has set our way amid hard choices	57:21
	of good and evil.	57:25
	Grant us by thy grace, the wisdom to discern	57:30
	the eternal from the temporal,	57:35
	the treasures of heaven from the treasures of earth.	57:38
	That in seeking first thy kingdom, and thy righteousness,	57:43
	we may learn and possess the peace	57:51
	which the world can either give nor take away.	57:57
	Now unto him, who is able to you from falling	58:04
	and to present you faultless before the presence	58:09
	of his glory with exceeding joy,	58:12
	to the only wise God, our savior,	58:16
	the glory and majesty dominion	58:18
	and power both now and ever more.	58:22
	♪ Amen ♪	58:30
	♪ Amen ♪	58:37

Item Info

Title:

Eugene Carson Blake - "Even the Desert Shall Bloom" (April 7, 1957); Waldo Beach - "Education for Failure" (April 28, 1957)

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4p26v49q

Date:

April 7, 1957
April 28, 1957

Speaker:

Blake, Eugene Carson

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 RR-0033
ref5287_n34
uachapelsermaud
duke:628021
dcrau002083
ark:/87924/r4p26v49q
cb511ff1-0510-4c00-a001-3112285e20ee

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings, 1954-2005

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

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Eugene Carson Blake - "Even the Desert Shall Bloom" (April 7, 1957); Waldo Beach - "Education for Failure" (April 28, 1957)

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Duke University Archives

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