Stuart C. Henry - "The Unlearned Lesson" (April 23, 1961)

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	(church choir singing)	0:03
-	Let the words of our mouth	0:23
	and the meditations of our heart	0:25
	be acceptable in thy sight,	0:28
	O Lord, our strength and our redeemer.	0:31
	Amen.	0:35
	Now, when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea,	0:47
	the hand of Rome lay heavy upon the world.	0:53
	It was a world which Caesar had built.	0:58
	It was a world of order and security.	1:02
	If you had asked the average man	1:07
	to identify for you the individual of significance	1:09
	in the world and in that age,	1:13
	he surely would not have chosen	1:16
	the child of obscure Jewish parents	1:19
	who had been born in the outpost of the Empire.	1:23
	Rather, he would have pointed to Augustus.	1:27
	And Augustus was indeed a most unusual person.	1:31
	As a youth of only 18,	1:36
	he had become Caesar's heir.	1:39
	He had been tenacious and unlovable.	1:42
	And yet almost at once,	1:45
	he set himself to the business of state-craft.	1:47
	And almost at once, he began successfully	1:52
	to shore up the foundations of a government and an empire,	1:55
	of which through half a century,	2:00
	he was to be the significant architect.	2:02
	If you remember about him,	2:07
	that he allowed Cicero's head to be hung in the Forum.	2:09
	Or if you recall that he drove Antony and Cleopatra	2:13
	to their separate deaths.	2:17
	Then do not forget,	2:20
	that in the place of revolution and internal dissension,	2:22
	he brought order and peace to men	2:26
	by making Egypt a part of the Roman Empire.	2:29
	Dominions that had been convulsed with conflict	2:34
	now entered into an era that turned out to be	2:38
	a two-century period of peace.	2:42
	And Augustus did it.	2:46
	He did it with laws and security and craft and care.	2:48
	Moreover, he stabilized the currency.	2:53
	He beautified the Imperial City.	2:57
	He gave solidity to the organization of administration.	3:00
	And men looked with wonder at him.	3:04
	And it was understandable, surely,	3:07
	that men did not notice the appearance of Jesus of Nazareth	3:10
	in the world,	3:15
	for it was Caesar's world.	3:16
	It was the world of Augustus,	3:19
	the world of might and strength and order and security.	3:21
	The citizens of Caesar's kingdom,	3:27
	who had so lately been subjected	3:30
	to the scars and the buffeting of conflict in civil war,	3:32
	now enjoyed a very rapid recuperation.	3:36
	They were astonished at their wealth,	3:41
	which had come so shortly on the heels of destruction.	3:43
	And they were charmed when they reviewed their history.	3:48
	And they began to indulge in that special form of idolatry,	3:52
	which is manifest in men	3:57
	who regard themselves and their nation	3:59
	as the special object of heaven's pleasure.	4:03
	They had no time for the proverbs	4:07
	and the parables of an itinerant carpenter teacher	4:10
	who spoke of a kingdom of another sort	4:14
	than that of this world.	4:17
	Rather, they read of the magnificence of their own Empire	4:20
	in the graceful verses of Virgil.	4:25
	They had no time nor the wit	4:29
	to understand the history of Luke.	4:31
	They read the history of Livy.	4:34
	And this suggested to them	4:37
	that the world that they knew of might and things	4:39
	was the real world.	4:43
	Verily, He came into the world,	4:46
	and the world knew Him not.	4:50
	They took no note of Jesus or of His appearance	4:53
	or of His idea.	4:58
	Augustus died,	5:01
	as all men will,	5:03
	and yet in a measure, his work outlived him.	5:05
	So that it was not enough to say	5:09
	that Jesus was born in the world of Caesar Augustus.	5:12
	It was the world of Caesar which continued,	5:17
	while the days of His flesh endured ire and longer.	5:21
	The ordeal of the Church's childhood	5:26
	was accomplished under the shadow of the Caesars.	5:29
	And the saints found often, whether they would or not,	5:34
	that they were indeed members of Caesar's household.	5:37
	For it was while the Caesars still held man enthralled	5:43
	that the little community of Christianity	5:47
	spread through Jerusalem and Judea and Sumeria,	5:51
	and by the effort of Paul,	5:56
	into the whole of the Mediterranean world.	5:58
	And the world knew it not.	6:01
	For the world of importance was Caesar's world	6:03
	and not the world of Christ.	6:07
	And yet in due course,	6:11
	the time came when Caesar's world had to look	6:14
	at the world of the crucified.	6:18
	Here you see the long line of them,	6:22
	Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula,	6:26
	Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and all the rest.	6:30
	The procession passes as silent and is unreal as a dream.	6:35
	And yet they were real in their own day, these Caesars,	6:39
	and they were men too.	6:43
	And they began to be degenerate,	6:45
	to be guilty of duplicity and of wickedness.	6:48
	And often as not,	6:51
	they began to see themselves, and certainly,	6:53
	men in the Empire could see the evidences of some distress	6:56
	that might soon come upon the world that they knew.	7:01
	They were distressed and they were frantic.	7:05
	You see, actually what had happened was,	7:08
	that by the time the Roman Empire	7:11
	was driven to look at this rising community of Christianity,	7:13
	Rome herself	7:18
	was no longer the secure organization that she had been.	7:20
	In the early days, when the Empire was young	7:25
	and when Christianity was new,	7:29
	it had been a simple and an easy thing	7:31
	to ignore these wild, irrational Christians,	7:35
	who would have no part in a pagan holiday,	7:39
	who deplored the gladiatorial games.	7:42
	And it was stupid enough to treat women and children	7:45
	and slaves and foreigners and criminals	7:49
	with a great measure of kindness.	7:53
	In the end, it had been easy.	7:55
	But time came when their numbers were multiplied	7:58
	and their ranks were increased,	8:02
	and Rome had to look at them.	8:04
	And by this time,	8:06
	though Rome was not yet mortally ill,	8:07
	the signs of her sickness were already upon her.	8:11
	There was dissension within the Empire.	8:15
	There was the honeycomb of corruption	8:18
	underneath her shaft foundations,	8:21
	which were beginning already to crumble.	8:23
	There was at the gates of her border	8:26
	the clamor of barbarians	8:28
	who were just waiting for the opportunity to overrun her.	8:30
	And Rome was frantic.	8:34
	And so she began to look about her,	8:35
	searching for some culprit	8:38
	whom she might blame for her faults,	8:40
	some culprit beyond herself.	8:42
	And she decided that it was the Christians	8:44
	who were responsible.	8:47
	Oh, it was not a logical thing to do,	8:49
	but it was in its way a plausible thing for them.	8:52
	The Christians were still at this point	8:56
	relatively few in number.	8:58
	They were still relatively poor,	9:01
	and ironically, relatively pure,	9:03
	so the church was.	9:07
	And yet these Christians were so courageous.	9:08
	They were so ardent and so zealous	9:11
	that they seemed to be everywhere.	9:13
	And Rome, looking for some explanation	9:17
	for this night that was creeping upon her,	9:19
	decided that it was the Christians who were at fault.	9:22
	These men would not worship Caesar.	9:25
	These men would not bear arms in his service.	9:28
	These men were growing in strength.	9:31
	Rome herself was becoming weak.	9:34
	There seemed to the Roman mind	9:36
	some connection between the two circumstances.	9:38
	And in the beginning,	9:42
	it had been simply some faults	9:44
	that they laid at the Christian's door.	9:46
	But once they had started,	9:48
	it was easy to blame the Christian for everything.	9:50
	Or as Tertullian reminds us,	9:54
	"If the Tiber rises to the city walls,	9:56
	or if the Nile fails to flood the fields,	10:00
	or if there is pestilence or famine or disease,	10:03
	the cry is always, 'The Christians to the lions.'"	10:07
	And so during a succession of increasingly undistinguished,	10:11
	except for their vice, Caesars,	10:15
	there was along with the murder	10:17
	and the intrigue and the sedition,	10:19
	the persecution of Christians.	10:21
	And Rome that had at first taken no note of Christ,	10:24
	except casually and routinely to execute Him,	10:27
	now made every effort to discredit Him.	10:32
	But it was the same old story of too little and too late.	10:35
	Christ had come into the world of the Caesars	10:40
	and the Caesars had taken no notice of Him.	10:43
	And now his kingdom was growing	10:45
	and the Caesars tried to destroy Him,	10:48
	and they could not.	10:50
	They had waited too long and now He was too strong.	10:52
	They looked at Him too late.	10:56
	And so by the fourth century,	10:58
	Constantine saw that the Christians were of some strength,	11:01
	that it would be well for him to curry their favor.	11:05
	They were, indeed, the only cohesive force in the Empire	11:09
	for which he had fought.	11:13
	They were numerous and they were strangely united.	11:15
	These Christians and their bishops	11:18
	were always in communication with each other.	11:20
	Something that was done in the Church of Alexandria,	11:23
	in a matter of weeks, might be discussed in northern Gaul	11:26
	or in Greece.	11:30
	They circulated letters.	11:31
	They visited among themselves.	11:32
	They were indeed an empire within an empire.	11:35
	And so he began to show them favor	11:39
	and to grant them privilege.	11:41
	Now, he himself delayed his baptism	11:43
	almost to the hour of his death.	11:46
	But the canny and the shrewd men of the world	11:49
	were not themselves deceived by what was happening.	11:52
	They understood that Christianity was now	11:56
	being made the darling of the Empire.	11:59
	On the face of it, it seemed no more	12:02
	than that the grandson of a Serbian tavern-keeper	12:04
	had invited the church to climb upon his chariot	12:08
	and drive with him through the gates of Rome	12:11
	and to go to the very palace itself.	12:14
	And yet there was much more than that that had happened.	12:16
	The bishops and the prelates,	12:19
	they of course were delighted.	12:21
	After centuries of ignominy,	12:23
	after disgrace, after ridicule, after persecution,	12:25
	it was pleasant to be in the position of power.	12:28
	Caesar had finally given the church security.	12:32
	Could the church do any less	12:35
	than to offer Caesar her sanction?	12:37
	Once men had been marked as sinners	12:40
	and excluded from the communion of the church,	12:43
	if they took up arms to bear them.	12:46
	And now they were stigmatized as sinners	12:48
	and kept from communion if they laid them down.	12:51
	Caesar had become the friend of the church,	12:54
	and so it now behooved the church to become	12:57
	the friend of Caesar.	12:59
	You see, while this was happening,	13:01
	there was more than a change in outward circumstance.	13:03
	Something was changing	13:06
	within the very nature of the church herself,	13:08
	within the very concept of her faith,	13:11
	and within the very understanding of her Christ,	13:13
	if we can judge by the creed which she confessed.	13:16
	When the Gospel was first proclaimed,	13:21
	a wandering mendicant	13:24
	had gone barefoot along the sun-baked hills of Galilee.	13:26
	And he had spoken to men in simple, understandable language	13:31
	of truths which they could understand.	13:35
	He spoke to them about torn garments	13:38
	and grains of mustard seed.	13:42
	He discussed the habits of swine	13:44
	and the routine of the kitchen.	13:46
	He used to walk through the fields.	13:48
	He stopped in the marketplace.	13:50
	He waited by the seashore while men mended their nets.	13:53
	He was a man as they were a man.	13:56
	And now by the time of Constantine,	14:00
	men rose week after week	14:03
	and chanted together with the solemnity of a curse	14:06
	their belief that this Christ to whom they gave allegiance	14:10
	was God of God,	14:14
	Light of Light,	14:16
	Very God of Very God,	14:17
	begotten not made.	14:19
	It all seemed grand and awful and metaphysical and remote.	14:22
	And so it was.	14:27
	Time was,	14:29
	when He who had proclaimed the Gospel	14:30
	had talked to men in terms of the commonplace of life.	14:32
	And when He wanted to tell them	14:36
	what the kingdom of God was like,	14:37
	he took a child,	14:39
	and doubtless a dirty child,	14:41
	and put him in their midst.	14:43
	But now, the vicar of Christ the king upon this Earth	14:45
	moved in stately ritual.	14:49
	And now he united, too, in the singing of hymns,	14:52
	which described how this Christ	14:56
	was a presence before whom the cherubim with sleepless eye	14:58
	veiled their faces and cried, one to another,	15:02
	"Holy, holy, holy!"	15:05
	Do you see? This is what it had come to.	15:08
	There was a Galilean,	15:10
	there was a Nazarene carpenter	15:12
	who was easily ignored in the time of Augustus	15:14
	when He made his appearance.	15:17
	And now by the time of Constantine,	15:19
	there is a figure, grand and awful,	15:22
	who is near impersonal.	15:25
	And a judge,	15:27
	high and exalted in the shadowy domes of heaven,	15:28
	who is locked in the logic of the creeds,	15:31
	and sometimes of no more worth	15:34
	than the symbol which describes the outward beauty	15:36
	of this sanctuary ornament	15:40
	but is locked in its own leaded glass.	15:42
	Once there was a man,	15:45
	and now there is an idea, remote and removed.	15:47
	And so it comes to this, whom do I choose?	15:51
	And where is salvation to be found?	15:54
	In the Jesus of Nazareth?	15:56
	In this historical man	15:58
	who grew hungry and tired and thirsty	16:01
	and who had to borrow money to pay his tax?	16:04
	Or do I find salvation	16:08
	in this power transcendent	16:10
	and lofty, elevated and removed and remote?	16:13
	This awful judge incarnate?	16:17
	This Christ	16:20
	who sits beneath the shadowy dome of all eternity,	16:21
	and whom I may not even look upon	16:24
	and dare not contemplate	16:27
	because surely I could never understand Him?	16:28
	There is a contemporary historian	16:33
	who has reminded us	16:36
	that if we will not learn the lesson of history,	16:38
	we are condemned to repeat it.	16:42
	And what he says to us has part to our own situation now.	16:44
	For the lesson of history that we have not learned	16:49
	and the truth that we have not absorbed,	16:53
	is the lesson of the incarnation.	16:55
	That this choice that we have made for ourselves,	16:58
	and it is often offered to us,	17:01
	is an arbitrary and unnecessary and even evil choice.	17:03
	For the point of the Gospel is this.	17:08
	That this Jesus of Nazareth was the timeless Christ.	17:11
	And that this transcendent, timeless Christ	17:16
	was manifested in the Jesus of history.	17:19
	Will you not stop and consider?	17:23
	Look, if you will, at the Gospels and read the record,	17:26
	and both these truths	17:29
	are woven into the fabric of the pattern here.	17:31
	You cannot read the Gospel and miss the fact	17:34
	that He is timeless,	17:37
	that He is eternal.	17:39
	Look, if you will, at how the very story begins.	17:41
	The fact that He was born	17:44
	while his mother was upon a journey	17:46
	is no poignant detail of a fetching story.	17:48
	There is a deep and abiding wisdom here,	17:52
	for here, if we but have the understanding to see it,	17:55
	is underscored the fact	17:58
	that no provincial locality may lay claim to Him.	18:00
	This one came into existence	18:05
	as his mother was upon a journey.	18:07
	It is more that ruthlessness and transience,	18:10
	here is one who belongs to no certain place or time.	18:13
	Here is one who belongs to all the ages.	18:17
	So that one says of Him correctly in a poem	18:20
	in seeking for a gift,	18:22
	If I had a coat to fit a no year old,	18:24
	one who belongs to no time or place.	18:28
	Or again, He himself said it,	18:30
	The foxes have holes.	18:33
	The birds of the air have nests.	18:35
	But the Son of Man,	18:36
	he belongs to all the ages and to all eternity.	18:38
	Or look as you read the parables,	18:41
	of all the literary forms that we know,	18:43
	these are the other stories	18:45
	that are transparent to universal truth,	18:47
	for their details know no generation.	18:50
	These are stories that could have happened anywhere,	18:53
	that have happened everywhere.	18:57
	A certain man had two sons,	19:00
	and the younger of him said unto his father.	19:02
	Or again, a sower went into the fields to sow.	19:05
	But these are the eternal situations of our own existence,	19:08
	and we recognize ourselves in the timeless telling of them.	19:12
	We know eternity because we have seen it	19:17
	in this story of the Gospels.	19:19
	And when you come to the account of His death,	19:21
	there you see again,	19:24
	eternity reflected in the details that are given us.	19:25
	As His birth was announced	19:29
	by the confluence of stars in their courses,	19:30
	so all nature reflects the tragedy of the crucifixion	19:33
	and here, for instance, the sky darkens,	19:37
	the mountains tremble,	19:40
	and the earth yawns in quivering quake.	19:42
	And so we know eternity in time.	19:45
	Yes, you read the Gospels and see that He is timeless,	19:48
	and never more do you understand it	19:51
	more surely or more clearly	19:53
	than in the reading of this day's lesson.	19:55
	When you learn that at that time before the worlds existed,	19:58
	in the countless eternity of God's mind,	20:02
	he was existing eternally before anything was made.	20:07
	Eternal without end.	20:13
	Timeless.	20:15
	Universal.	20:16
	Yes, He is timeless.	20:17
	And historical.	20:20
	Look again,	20:22
	and see if you do not stumble over the fact	20:23
	of the historicity of Jesus.	20:26
	Lately, it has been fashionable for many men	20:28
	to run down the trails of quest,	20:31
	seeking for the identity of the historical Jesus.	20:33
	And many men have found much,	20:37
	and many have found nothing.	20:39
	Now, we submit to you that we would not depreciate ever	20:41
	the erudition of men	20:45
	who seek to know what the historical Jesus is.	20:46
	And we are ourselves committed to the fact	20:50
	that they have given us many insights.	20:52
	And often as not, we agree with them.	20:55
	And yet we are continually driven to confess this,	20:58
	that we cannot read the fact of history	21:02
	without seeing that here was historical fact.	21:05
	And when all the accretion of legend is pared away,	21:08
	there is still the hard core of truth	21:11
	that here within the stream of history,	21:15
	as scandalously particular and as definite	21:17
	as to be able to be measured	21:20
	by the page of a calendar or the face of a map,	21:22
	was a man, as you are a man,	21:26
	who at a time and place interrupted history.	21:28
	Cardinal Newman has wisely reminded us	21:32
	in the "Grammar of Assent,"	21:35
	that men do not let themselves be martyred	21:37
	for the sake of a logical conclusion.	21:39
	Men let themselves be sent to their death	21:42
	because of an historical experience that they have had,	21:45
	when they have met eternity.	21:49
	And so it was with these men.	21:50
	We cannot with certainty	21:54
	describe the circumstance of that meeting.	21:56
	And surely we cannot say with definition	21:58
	exactly what the nature of the one whom they met was.	22:01
	But we can never deny that they did meet Him.	22:04
	Look at them and you see them at the time of the cross,	22:08
	and they have run fighting for their lives	22:11
	to hide in the Galilean hills.	22:14
	And only a few terrified women	22:16
	have waited to watch how He should die.	22:18
	And then we meet them	22:20
	and we see them and see them again.	22:22
	And they have become irresolute.	22:25
	They have become resolute	22:27
	and dauntless in the face of death.	22:28
	They have become themselves resilient	22:30
	in time of persecution,	22:32
	not because of a conclusion that they have drawn,	22:34
	but because of an historical experience	22:38
	that they have known.	22:40
	And the very fact that there is a church,	22:42
	the very fact that these men went out	22:44
	and turned the world upside down,	22:47
	says that they had met not an idea,	22:49
	but an historical man.	22:52
	And so here it is. Will you have it?	22:54
	This is the lesson that we have not learned,	22:56
	that Jesus is the Christ	22:59
	and that the Christ is Jesus.	23:01
	And so long as you keep Him,	23:03
	and so long as I keep Him as a wandering teacher,	23:05
	appealing and good and kind,	23:09
	who in his youth was unjustly accused and sent to his death,	23:12
	we shall be moved to the depths of sacrifice	23:17
	and nobility of which human nature is capable.	23:20
	And yet we shall not find	23:23
	that this history has touched our history,	23:25
	touched it so radical that it could be said of Him,	23:28
	He was tempted in all parts, like as we.	23:32
	One of those verses that means exactly what it says	23:35
	and is shattering in its implication.	23:39
	So long as we see Him only as an historical individual,	23:42
	when we have shut ourselves out from the understanding	23:46
	that this history	23:49
	and His history becomes the part at which we touch Him	23:51
	and the occasion	23:55
	through which we become heirs to this transcendent love	23:56
	that moves the sun and the other stars.	24:00
	So long as we have kept Him a historical figure alone,	24:03
	we have denied ourselves redemption.	24:08
	And so long as we have made Him	24:11
	a transcendent and a metaphysical Christ alone,	24:13
	then what we have done	24:17
	is to substitute speculation for salvation.	24:19
	And we have never known that this power	24:23
	that created and redeems and sustains the cosmos	24:25
	can become translucent in our own situation,	24:29
	and like even the simplest thing that we do,	24:33
	incandescent with eternal understanding	24:35
	and with vital truth.	24:39
	Or will you have it	24:41
	in all eternities?	24:43
	Doubtless, we shall compare	24:45
	the million alien gospels	24:48
	in what guise He tread the Pleiades,	24:51
	the Lyra,	24:54
	the Bear.	24:55
	O my soul, prepare to read the inconceivable,	24:57
	to scan the million alien forms of God,	25:02
	when in our turn, we show the stars	25:05
	the one whom we call man.	25:08
	Or can you say it another way and even more simply?	25:10
	That God, out of all eternity,	25:14
	so loved the world and this world of man,	25:17
	that He sent his, before all ages, timeless Son,	25:21
	to be incarnate in the flesh,	25:26
	and to walk with men and before men,	25:29
	that they, finding their own situation,	25:32
	touched by his experience	25:35
	and by his knowledge,	25:37
	might, kept in his love and acknowledging his power,	25:38
	find it for them and even here and now,	25:42
	the life eternal became possible and became real.	25:45
	He so loved the world	25:49
	that all who believed on Him	25:51
	might not perish but have eternal life.	25:54
	This is the lesson that we have not learned,	25:57
	that Jesus is the Christ,	26:00
	and that the Christ is Jesus.	26:02
	There led the doorway into the kingdom of God	26:04
	swings upon the hinge of the incarnation.	26:07
	And until you have learned this lesson,	26:10
	and until I have accepted this truth,	26:12
	we have not known what salvation is.	26:15
	But once this has become real to us,	26:18
	then in this power and in this strength,	26:20
	we have walked in the truth and in the light and the beauty	26:23
	that He knows	26:27
	and that He has given unto us.	26:28
	Almighty God,	26:34
	grant unto us	26:37
	that we may through the experience	26:40
	of meeting in our own fragment of time	26:44
	the eternal Christ,	26:48
	an understanding that eternity	26:51
	in terms of the days of His years	26:55
	and the knowledge of our time,	26:59
	come finally ourselves	27:02
	into membership of His kingdom	27:06
	and into the glory of the life eternal,	27:09
	which begins not in some remote and far-off time,	27:13
	but in our own age	27:19
	and in our own hearts,	27:22
	if we accept the truth	27:25
	and the reality of Christ incarnate.	27:27
	We stand.	27:34

Item Info

Title:

Stuart C. Henry - "The Unlearned Lesson" (April 23, 1961)

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r41j9c889

Date:

April 23, 1961

Speaker:

Henry, Stuart C.

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 RR-0141
ref5486_tqg
uachapelsermaud
duke:628009
dcrau002159
ark:/87924/r41j9c889
87ac4926-feb5-4054-92fc-5343378cfb3a

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings, 1954-2005

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

No Re-Use

In Copyright

Rights Note:

This material is made available for research, scholarship, and private study. Copyright in this material has not been transferred to Duke University. For reuses of this material beyond those permitted by fair use or otherwise allowed under the Copyright Act, please see our page on copyright and citations: https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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Stuart C. Henry - "The Unlearned Lesson" (April 23, 1961)

Transcript

Item Info

Duke University Archives

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